Notice how your own home directory is setup: $ ls -ld $HOMEĭrwx. Notice you can’t cd into the folder, either: $ cd /etc/grub.d However, no one else can do so - whether they’re a member of the root group or not. The permissions show the user owner ( root) can read, change, and cd into this folder. Take a look at the /etc/grub.d folder for example: $ ls -ld /etc/grub.dĭrwx. (This may sound strange, but the explanation requires more complex details of file systems outside the scope of this article. Execute (x): the folder can be searched, although its contents cannot be read.Write (w): the folder contents can be changed (files can be created or erased in this folder).Read (r): the folder contents can be read (such as the ls command).Folder (directory) permissionsįor folders, the permissions have slightly different meaning: Often regular users need to read the content as well. They are only meant to be changed by the system administrator, not regular users. (The dash at the far left shows this is a regular file.)īy the way, you’ll commonly find this set of permissions on many (but not all) system configuration files. And finally, anyone else can also only read the file. Anyone in the group root can only read the file. The user owner has read and write access to the file. The user owner is root and the group owner is the root group. These are provided in three sets, as mentioned above - for the user who owns the file, for the group that owns the file, and for everyone else. Notice the groups of permissions at the left side of the listing. Try this with the /etc/services file on your system: $ ls -l /etc/services You can see the three sets of these permissions when you do a long listing of any file. Execute (x): the file can be executed - this is used primarily for programs or scripts that are meant to be run directly.Write (w): the file content can be changed.File permissionsįor files, here’s what these permissions mean:
Each of these has an initial that stands for the permission, thus r, w, and x. What permissions meanĮach set of permissions comes in three flavors - read, write, and execute. The third set is for everyone else who’s not the user who owns the file, or in the group that owns the file. The second is for the group that owns it. The first set is for the user who owns the file or folder.
This isn’t very good for privacy or security, as you can imagine.Īny file or folder on Fedora has three sets of permissions assigned. Different logged in users could read each other’s content at will. But imagine for a moment a multi-user system with no concept of permissions. It also has groups, which users can be members of. Permission basicsįedora is by nature a multi-user operating system. This article explains a bit about these permissions, and shows you how to share access to a folder using them. These permissions allow files and folders to be secured from unauthorized access. One of the basic features is permissions on files and folders. Fedora, like all Linux based systems, comes with a powerful set of security features.
0 kommentar(er)
